During the easter weekend, I had the pleasure to visit an exhibition devoted to Salvador Dali's art called Dali: Cybernetics. The main part of the exhibition is the immersive world of the surrealist artist’s work. Initially seen through the old-style 3D glasses, and subsequently powered by a headset transporting you into the virtual world of Dali’s art. The intro to the exhibition reflects his varied interests in science, religion, photography and cybernetics, to name just a few.

In his art, Dali sought to unlock the unconscious mind and create art that was beyond reason and convention. He was deeply influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis, especially the unconscious and dream interpretation. In fact, Dali was introduced to Freud's work while he was still a student in Madrid, and later he met the psychoanalyst in London in 1938. During their first and only meeting, Dali presented to Freud a painting called “The Metamorphosis of Narcissus” which depicts the mythological figure of Narcissus. The myth says that Narcissus fell in love with his own reflection in a pool of water and ultimately died as a result of his love for his ideal self-image. In Dali’s painting, Narcissus is depicted as a hand holding an egg, which is reflected in the water below. The egg may represent the life potential while the hand may represent the creative power. The painting is often interpreted as symbolic of the nature of desire, self-love, and the human psyche. This was Dali’s first painting made in accordance with the paranoic critical method or “spontaneous method of irrational knowledge”.

Dali also made a portrait of Freud which is now part of the permanent collection at the Freud Museum in London. The painting depicts a bust-like portrait of Freud, which is supported by a crutch made out of a piece of driftwood. The portrait is set against a barren landscape and is surrounded by other elements such as ants crawling on the crutch and a grasshopper perched on the top of the portrait. The painting could be interpreted as Dali’s tribute to Freud’s role in the development of psychoanalysis and his influence on Dali’s own artistic vision.

Dali believed that the unconscious mind played a significant role in the creative process, and he often used surreal imagery in his paintings to explore the workings of the mind. He believed that by tapping into the unconscious, he could reveal hidden truths about the human experience. One of Dali's most famous works, "The Persistence of Memory," is thought to be heavily influenced by Freud's theories of the unconscious and the concept of the "dream state." The painting features a series of melting clocks draped over objects in a barren landscape, with a distorted face in the background. The exact meaning of the painting is open to interpretation, and Dali himself provided several different explanations over the years. However, many art historians and critics believe that the painting is a meditation on the nature of time, memory, and mortality. The melting clocks in the painting are often interpreted as a symbol of the fluidity and subjectivity of time, which can be distorted and manipulated in the mind. The barren landscape may represent the transience and impermanence of human existence, while the distorted face in the background may symbolize the fragmented and unreliable nature of memory. Overall, the painting is often seen as a commentary on the human experience of time and memory, and the ways in which these concepts shape our understanding of the world around us. Its surreal imagery and dreamlike quality also suggest a deeper exploration of the workings of the unconscious mind, which was a major preoccupation of the Surrealist movement to which Dali belonged.

Dali's interest in psychoanalysis is also evident in his writings, including his autobiographical book, "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali," in which he describes his own dreams and the role they played in his artistic process. Dali was particularly interested in the concept of the dream state, which he believed was a direct window into the unconscious mind. He often used dream-like imagery in his paintings, such as melting clocks and distorted landscapes, to represent the fluid and unpredictable nature of the unconscious.

Dali’s mental health was the subject of much speculation. He reportedly struggled with depression, anxiety, obsessions and compulsions as well as paranoia and even hallucinations. Not all of those struggles can be confirmed and Dali himself often exaggerated or embellished stories about his mental health for artistic and dramatic effect.